Submissions

Author Guidelines

Journal of Chitwan Medical College (JCMC) is an open access, peer-reviewed, quarterly published, multidisciplinary biomedical journal devoted to Health Sciences. The JCMC is an official publication of the Chitwan Medical College (CMC), Bharatpur, Nepal. The JCMC started in 2010 as a yearly publication; from January 2014 onward, it has been published quarterly.

The JCMC abides by 1) International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) for Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals; 2) World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) for best editorial practice; 3) Council of Science Editors (CSE) for best editorial practice; 4). Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for practicing good publication ethics.

The journal can be accessed through www. jcmc.com.np

Templates for article categories, authorship declaration form, checklist

Most of the submitted manuscript lacks proper formatting, headings and subheadings, word counts, layout and numbers of figures and tables, referencing style, and URL hyperlinks. Therefore, we encourage you to use an appropriate template:

1. Original article template
2. Case report template
3. Review article template
4. Viewpoint template
5. Letter to the editor template
6. Medical education template
7. Authorship declaration form revised Oct 2024
8. Author's guideline revised Oct 2024

The JCMC [ISSN 2091-2412(Print), 2091-2889(Online)], welcomes scientific research articles, unique cases, and reviews of general interest to medical researchers or medical educationists from the field of biomedical sciences.

It publishes articles in the following categories (the editorial board may modify it as necessary): 

1. Original articles
2. Review articles
3. Case Report/ Series
4. Audits
5. Images in clinical sciences
6. Editorials
7. Viewpoints
8. Book Reviews
9. Medical Education
10. Specially Invited Articles
11. Letter to the Editor

Scope of the journal

An important decision made by the Editorial Board before launch was that the journal must be for the many and not just for a few engaged in clinical research. All of us, whether we are doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, dentists, or in any other field of health care, must take greater responsibility for managing and solving the many unique health issues and problems. We must engage in research and voice our opinions by publishing them in peer-reviewed journals. To ensure a wide readership, the journal encourages articles of general interest, as well as core scientific articles, based on topics relevant to our region. With so many categories, JCMC is sure that the researcher will be able to make regular contributions to this journal. The JCMC encourages the new generation of medical doctors and allied health professionals to generate and publish new research data in this journal and adopt critical thinking habits to address current health problems. This journal also encourages international research collaborations that result in joint publications of high international standards.

Publisher & publication frequency

The Journal of Chitwan Medical College is a quarterly journal, published in March, June, September, and December by Chitwan Medical College, Nepal.

Instructions to authors

The uniform requirements and specific requirements of JCMC are summarized below. Before sending a manuscript, authors are requested to check for the latest instructions available. Instructions are also available on the website of the journal. (www.jcmc.com.np)

Checklist for a publication

1. Cover letter.
2. Institutional Review Committee (IRC) approval letter.
3. Manuscript full from title to references.
4. Manuscript blinded- De-identify the manuscript/document by information that may reveal the authors name, affiliation, email, addresses, study site from abstract and full text; Remove acknowledgment.
5. Authorship declaration form with all authors' email, ORCID, telephone, and signatures.
6. Informed consent (for case report with individual's photograph of the face)
7. Supplementary files, if necessary.

Submission of manuscripts
Manuscripts must be submitted in clear, concise English language. Authors are requested to submit their manuscripts through our online manuscript submission system. For queries, email us at jcmc@cmc.edu.np. By submitting a manuscript, the author agrees to the following:

1. The manuscript should be original and free from plagiarism.
2. The manuscript should not be a simultaneous submission or under consideration for publication in another journal.
3. Authorship should be duly filled and all authors should be aware of authorship. The corresponding author shall be responsible for providing information/documents on behalf of all the authors as required in case disputes arise.
4. Authors will retain the copyright of their articles and the articles will be published with a CCBY-NC license which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
5. Conflict of interest if any must be mentioned at the end of the manuscript.

While submitting through the online system, you must complete the metadata, i.e. enter all the authors and information on email, ORCID, affiliation, etc. These data are a must for publication later.

 The editorial process

The manuscripts will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that they are being submitted to one journal at a time and have not been published, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The JCMC follows a blind peer review process. It usually takes 6 weeks and is done by national and/or international reviewers.

The received manuscript is forwarded to assigned editors and one to two reviewers. Manuscripts, not able to satisfy JCMC or not in the range are rejected and destroyed. After review, manuscripts are returned to authors for necessary corrections and should be returned to the editorial office. The returned manuscripts are once again reviewed by the editorial board. Page proofs are again sent to the corresponding author, which has to be returned within time mentioned usually within 1-3 days. Non-response to proof copy may delay the publication of the same article, may publish proof copy article as same, or may get rejected from the JCMC. The editorial board reserves the right to make necessary modifications in the text, photographs, and illustrations to improve understanding without affecting the original gist of the manuscript.

Rejection

Approximately 30% of the manuscript is rejected, mostly due to lack of JCMC format, and the relevance of the manuscript. We do receive manuscripts with insufficient originality, and scientific and technical flaws which are also rejected. The preliminary rejection of the manuscript is related to; the manuscript being out of scope, manuscript not formatted correctly, not following the checklist and guidelines accurately, and incomplete submission (e.g. lack of ethical approval letter for research article). Other reasons for rejection are peer reviewers' comments not adequately answered or unanswered, plagiarism, publication misconduct, and more. However, we do encourage the author to resubmit after the revision if the research was conducted scientifically.

Publication and Decision Time

If the submission is complete as per the guidelines, JCMC will start the review in its turn and may provide feedback on the online system. Please keep checking on your submission status at JCMC.

Time to first decision is overall (average) within 1-2 weeks for the initial decision (without review); and 2 months (with the review). Most of the submission is accepted and or published within 3 months, but sometimes it may take longer depending upon the queue and review process. 

We are committed to the timely publication of your work and will try to provide our decision as soon as possible. Please be assured that we are working as hard as we can with the resources we have.

We do not reply to emails requesting a status update for submission which is less than 2 months, instead check the status update at the submission area. Before you contact us to request an update, please check your spam folder to ensure that a JCMC has not already contacted you. If you have any questions, please contact us via email at jcmc@cmc.edu.np

Types of the manuscript and word limits

Original article: Randomized controlled trials, interventional studies, studies of screening and diagnostic tests, outcome studies, cost-effectiveness analyses, case-control series, and surveys with high response rates. Word count of the main text (introduction up to 250 words, methods, results, discussions, conclusions) should be 2000 to 3000 words (excludes structured abstract of up to 250 words; references ≥15 to 50, acknowledgments, COI, author contribution, funding). Up to six tables/figures (either of these or in combination). Journal may allow variations on justified requests.

Review article: Systematic review or narrative review, critical assessments of literature and data sources. The Word count of the main text (introduction up to 250 words, methods, results, discussions, conclusions, etc.) should be 3000-6000 words (excluding references ≥50; unstructured abstract up to 250 words). Up to six photographs/tables (either of these or in combination). Journal may allow variations on justified requests.

Medical education: Any article related to medical education with abstract and references, word limit may vary. Discussions about the education system in the medical field, developments in this field, current trends and changes in the teaching-learning process, future aspects of medical education, and other pertinent topics are included in this section.

Audit: An audit is written in the same format as an original research article i.e. title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, recommendations, acknowledgment, conflict of interest, and references. An audit includes data regarding the composition of cases, and the profile of patients of certain cases in one or more hospital settings.  If a large-scale study has been done, including many centers/geographic regions that contribute significantly to scientific literature, then it may be placed in an original research article section rather than in the audit section. The decision regarding this, however, rests on the editorial board.

Case report: new/interesting/very rare cases with clinical significance or implications can be reported. Up to 1000 words excluding references (up to 10) and abstract (up to 250 words), up to three tables and/or photographs combined.

Viewpoint: These articles are personal views and allow you to express your point of view on any issues relevant to health. We like these to include controversial subjects. Up to 1000 words excluding references (up to 10). 

Letters to the editor: Letters to the Editor section accept observations and comments. The letter and the reply should be short and decisive observations and should not exceed 1000 words excluding references (up to 10).

Processing of manuscript

The manuscripts will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that they are being submitted to one journal at a time and have not been published, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The JCMC follows the blind peer-review process. It usually takes 6 weeks and is done by national and/or international reviewers.

The received manuscript is forwarded to assigned editors and one to two reviewers. Manuscripts, not able to satisfy JCMC or not in the range are immediately rejected and destroyed. After review, manuscripts are returned to authors for necessary corrections and should be returned to the editorial office. The returned manuscripts are once again reviewed by the editorial board. Page proofs are again sent to the corresponding author, which has to be returned within three days. Non-response to proof copy may delay the publication of the same article, may publish proof copy article as same, or may even get rejected from the JCMC. The editorial board reserves the right to make necessary modifications in the text, photographs, and illustrations to improve understanding without affecting the original gist of the manuscript.

 Manuscript preparation

Use A4 size white paper, normal margins 25 mm in all sides, Calibri font, size of 11 points throughout, do not use underline or color. Number each page consecutively. Begin with the title page; full manuscript title to reference; table and figures; supplementary files.

Section of the manuscript should be in the following sequence: title,  abstract keywords, introduction, method, result, discussion, conclusion, references, author contribution, acknowledgment, conflict of interest, references, tables with title its top, and figures with legend at the bottom.

Particular attention should be taken to ensure the manuscript adheres to the style of the journal in all respects.

Please do not use any signs e.g. "&" for "and"  or "@" for "at the rate" etc; however, you can use abbreviations used in standard textbooks, provided the full form has been given when it first appears in the text.

Title page

The title page should carry

1. Type of manuscript (e.g. Original article, Case report, Review article, etc.)
2. The title of the article, which should be concise, but informative;
3. The title should be in sentence case (NOT all capital or each word capitalized);
4. Running title or short title, not more than 50 characters;
5. The name by which each contributor is known (First name, Middle name, and Last name), with his or her highest academic degree(s) for record and institutional affiliation;
6. The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed;
7. The name, address, phone numbers, e-mail address, ORCID of all the contributors (authors)
8. Mention who is responsible for correspondence with the JCMC about the manuscript;
9. The total number of pages, the total number of tables and photographs, and word counts separately for the abstract and for the text (excluding the references, and abstract);
10. Source(s) of support in the form of grants, equipment, drugs, or all of these;
11. Acknowledgment, if any; one or more statements should specify
• Individual or with substantial contribution but do not meet all the criteria to justify authorship,
• Avoid listing departmental chair etc. as routine acknowledgment,
• Acknowledgments of technical help; and
• Acknowledgments of financial and material support, which should specify the nature of the support. This should be included in the title page of the manuscript and not in the main article file.
12. If the manuscript was presented as part of a meeting, the organization, place, and exact date on which it was read.
13. Registration number of clinical trials.

Abstract

The abstract should be structured for original articles as Background: , Method: , Result: , Conclusion:  , ending with Keywords: 3 to 6 words/phrases separated by coma without full stop at the end. State the context, aims, settings and design, material and method, statistical analysis used, result, and conclusion. Below the abstract should provide 3 to 6 keywords arranged alphabetically. Each keyword should start with a capital letter. They are all separated by comas, do not use a full stop at the end. The abstract should not be structured for a review article and case report. Do not include references in the abstract.

Introduction
Provide a context or background for the study (that is, the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation; the research objective is often more sharply focused when stated as a question. Both the main and secondary objectives should be clear, and any prespecified subgroup analyses should be described. Provide only directly pertinent references, and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.

Method
The Methods section should only include information that was available at the time the study was planned or the protocol written; all information obtained during the conduct of the study belongs to the Results section. Selection and description of participants: Describe your selection of the observational or experimental participants (patients or laboratory animals, including controls) clearly, including eligibility, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a description of the source population. Because the relevance of such variables as age and sex to the object of research is not always clear, authors should explain their use when they are included in a study report; for example, authors should explain why only subjects of certain ages were included or why women were excluded.

The guiding principle should be clarity about how and why a study was done in a particular way. When authors use variables such as race or ethnicity, they should define how they measured the variables and justify their relevance.

Technical information: Identify the methods, apparatus (give the manufacturer's name and address in parentheses), chemicals (give catalog number, company name, and place of manufacture), and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Give references to established methods, including statistical methods (see below); provide references and brief descriptions for methods that have been published but are not well known; describe new or substantially modified methods, give reasons for using them, and evaluate their limitations. Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s), dose(s), and route(s) of administration. Reports of randomized clinical trials should present information on all major study elements, including the protocol, assignment of interventions (methods of randomization, concealment of allocation to treatment groups), and the method of masking (blinding), based on the CONSORT Statement (http://www.consort-statement.org).

For the review article, include a section describing the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data. These methods should also be summarized in the abstract.

For ethical issues, do not use separate headings, rather mention them in the method section itself. Information concerning reporting studies on humans, indicate whether the procedures followed were per the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional or regional) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (available at http://www.wma.net/e/policy/17-c_e.html). Do not use patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers, especially in illustrative material, that will disclose personal identification. When reporting experiments on animals, indicate whether the institutions or a national research council's guide for or any national law on the care and use of laboratory animals was followed. Evidence for approval by a local Ethics Committee (for both human as well as animal studies) must be supplied by the authors on demand. Animal experimental procedures should be as humane as possible and the details of anesthetics and analgesics used should be clearly stated. The ethical standards of experiments must be per the guidelines provided by the CPCSEA (animal) and ICMR (human). The journal will not consider any ethically unacceptable paper. A statement on ethics committee permission and ethical practices must be included in all research articles under the 'Materials and Methods' section.

For statistics, do not use separate headings rather in method section itself, describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Avoid relying solely on statistical hypothesis testing, such as p values, which fail to convey important information about effect size. References for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible (with pages stated). Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the computer software used.

Result
Present your results in a logical sequence starting with the main findings as per objective of the study, begin with a statement in the text, cite tables, and illustrations, giving the main or most important findings first. Do not repeat all the data in the tables or illustrations in the text; emphasize or summarize only the most important observations. Extra or supplementary materials and technical details can be placed in an appendix where they will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text, or they can be published solely in the electronic version of the journal. When data are summarized in the Results section, give numeric results not only as derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess supporting data. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as “random” (which implies a randomizing device), “normal,” “significant,” “correlations,” and “sample.” Where scientifically appropriate, analyses of the data by such variables as age and sex should be included. Avoid giving % only, use number percentage xx(%) format, WITHOUT space between number and bracket. This applies to text and table, figures., throughout the manuscript for JCMC.

Table. Should be self-explanatory and should not duplicate textual material. Tables with more than 10 columns and 25 rows are not acceptable. Tables and figures should fit in one A4 size with enough space for the header footer. Each table should have a title and numbered, consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text. Type each table with double spacing on a separate page. Table number consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and supply a brief title for each. Do not use internal horizontal or vertical lines. Give each column a short or abbreviated heading. Authors should place explanatory matter as Notes below the table/figure, not in the heading. Explain all nonstandard abbreviations in footnotes, and use the following symbols, in sequence: *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, **, ††,‡‡

Identify statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Be sure that each table is cited in the text. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission, and acknowledge that source fully. Submit such tables for consideration with the paper so that they will be available to the peer reviewers.

Table/figure must be cited in the manuscript text at the appropriate places, e.g. ‘the males were 50(50%) and females 50(50%), Table 5.’

The table 5 will have its title at the top, E.g. ‘Table 5. The socio-demographics of patients who underwent cholecystectomy, (n=100)’ without a full stop. Here n denotes the sample size. For population use the capital N.

Figure. Graphs, charts, diagrams, or pen drawings must be drawn by professional hands in Indian ink (black) on white drawing paper. In the case of X-rays, miniature photo prints should be supplied. Photographs should be supplied in high-quality glossy paper not larger than 203 mm x 254 mm (8" x 10"). In the case of microphotographs, stains used and magnification should be mentioned. Each illustration should bear on its back the figure number and an arrow indicating the top. All illustrations should be black and white and should be submitted in triplicate with suitable legends. We accept electronic versions of illustrations, which should have a resolution of 300 dpi, and a dimension of 640 x 480 to 800 x 600 pixels dimension and the picture format should be JPEG (*.jpg, *.jpeg) or TIFF (*.tif, *.tiff). Pictures will be published in B/W free of charge. But, if you want to publish your picture in color, please contact the editorial board for the cost and payment procedure. For x-ray films, scans, and other diagnostic images, as well as pictures of pathology specimens or photomicrographs, send sharp, glossy, black-and-white, or color photographic prints, usually 127 x 173 mm (5 x 7 inches). Letters, numbers, and symbols on figures should, therefore, be clear and consistent throughout and large enough to remain legible when the figure is reduced for publication. Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background.
Photographs of potentially identifiable people must be accompanied by written permission to use the photograph. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been cited in the text. If a figure has been published previously, acknowledge the source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the figure. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher except for documents in the public domain.

Tables and Figures
• Number within specified limits for the categories of manuscript.

• No repetition of data in tables/graphs and text
• Actual numbers from which graphs are drawn, provided
• Figures necessary and of good quality (color)
  • Table and figure numbers in Arabic letters (not Roman)
• Labels pasted on the back of the photographs (no names written)
  • Figure legends provided (not more than 40 words)
  • Patients’ privacy maintained (if not, written permission enclosed)
  • Credit note for borrowed figures/tables provided

Legends for Figures (Illustrations)
Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page, with Arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one clearly in the legend. Explain the internal scale and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs. The legend of the figure is put at the bottom of the figure/illustration, E.g. Figure 5. The gender distribution of patients who underwent cholecystectomy, (n=100)’ without full stop at the end.

Discussion

Start with the main findings as per the objective of the study. Emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them. Do not repeat in detail data or other information given in the Introduction or the Results section. For experimental studies, it is useful to begin the discussion by summarizing the main findings, then explore possible mechanisms or explanations for these findings, compare and contrast the results with other relevant studies, state the limitations of the study, and explore the implications of the findings for future research and clinical practice.

Link the conclusions with the goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data. In particular, avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless the manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority or alluding to work that has not been completed. State new hypotheses when warranted, but label them clearly as such.

References

References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text, table, or figure.

• Citation of references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript after a period (full-stop), and before commas, colons, and semicolons.
• Avoid referencing abstracts unless they are the only available format.
• References to papers accepted but not yet published should be designated as “in press” or “forthcoming”; authors should obtain written permission to cite such papers as well as verification that they have been accepted for publication. State the journal name and, if possible, the year and volume.
• Avoid citing retracted articles.

Currently, most citation systems developed in the West tend to change the cited name to “surname name (initial) middle name (initial)”. There are increasing contributions from Asian countries, e.g., Chinese, Japanese … and in their daily life, they write “surname” first followed by “name” unlike other cultures, which becomes just the opposite when modified by the system of scientific publication developed in western society. Provide the full name of the authors below the title of the manuscript in the author by-line as it appears in the respective society/culture without any attempt to modify for surname name. The full name appears below the title of the manuscript in the author by-line.

• For details, please see the recent publication on the JCMC website. Reference arrangement includes authors' surnames and initials, article title, journal name, year, volume, and inclusive page numbers followed by a full stop, e.g. 2012 Oct 1;35(4):136-9. Do not use the format 136-139.
• The number of authors listed in references- last names and initials of all the authors up to six should be included, and for the number of authors seven or more, list the first six authors followed by "et al." (NOT et. el.).
• Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and citations.

Provide hyperlinks for verifiable sources, in order of preference, and list as many as available. The full text may include PDF HTML or scanned documents, do not use other formats of links except the ones listed below, insert one space after the separator coma between hyperlinks), e.g.

1. Shah JN, Maharjan SB, Paudyal S. Routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis in low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy is unnecessary: a randomized clinical trial. Asian journal of surgery. 2012 Oct 1;35(4):136-9. [ DOI | PubMed | Google Scholar | Full Text ]
2. Jacso P. The impact of Eugene Garfield through the prism of Web of Science. 2010. [ Link  ]

The JCMC uses a modified Vancouver referencing style, in accordance with the ICMJE guideline (http://www.icmje.org  or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html). For in-depth details on referencing, please visit the website of ‘Citation Medicine, The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (http://www.ncbi.nlm.hig.gov/books/NBK7256/) for details of referencing style for journals, books, the internet, media, etc.

In-text referencing

• Superscripts without brackets must be used.
• Citations should be inserted before colons and semi-colons. (to the left)
• The citation should be inserted after commas and full stops. (to the right)

Reference list

• References at the end should be in Vancouver style.
• Include the last names and initials of the authors, the title of the article, the name of publications, year published, volume number, and inclusive pages, e.g. in above.
• If you are using reference manager software (endnote, Zotero, Mendeley, etc.) submit your manuscript in plain text format.

 Language and grammar

• Uniformity in the language
• Use correct grammar, punctuation, and word synthesis
• Abbreviations spelled out in full for the first time
• Numerals from 1 to 9 spelled out
• Numerals at the beginning of the sentence are spelled out
• Use abbreviated form only after using the full form when it first appears in the text except for the abstract.
• Avoid repetition of the same words and waste words

Units of measurement - Numbers and figures spelled out, Date format

Date format- DD MMM YYYY: 01 Jan 2010 (NOT Jan 01, 2010) or ISO: 2010-01-01 (NOT 01-01-2010)

Always spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence. For measurements use small letters and one space between number and unit (for both single or multiple digits).

Single-digit numbers from ‘zero to nine’ should be spelled out, e.g., five males/person (NOT 5 males/person), except in the case of units of measure- length, time, weight, temperature, volume, pressure. For 10 and higher, use Arabic numerals. Always spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence. e.g.,

• Starting sentence- Thirteen days old child, NOT 13 days old child.
• Consistency of number style when many numbers in one sentence- There were 13 children, male 11, females 2; or, 11 males, 2 females.
• When putting two numbers next to each other- Five 6 kg children, NOT 5 6 kg children.
• No space between a numeral and a percent sign: 13%.
• Use a space between a numeral and a unit of measurement: 178 mm, NOT 178mm.
• Use a zero before a decimal point, e.g., 0.11 ml (NOT .11).
• Rates, proportions, and fractions- (/) for proportions and rates, 1/3 of samples; and (:) for ratios: The ratio was 3:4.
• Spell out fractions that modify nouns: Half the cases showed…, A two-thirds majority…
• When writing a range or series, give the unit after the final item: 25–30 mg, NOT 25 mg–30 mg
• Do not insert a space on either side of dash (–): Kathmandu valley comprising of three districts—Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur—all have good weather, NOT Kathmandu valley comprising of three districts — Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur — all have good weather.

 For measurements use small letters, with space between number & unit, e.g.,

• Length- nanometer 5 nm, micrometer µm, millimeter 5 mm, centimeter 5 cm, meter 5 m, kilometer 5 km
• Time- second 5 s, 15 s (NOT 5s, NOT 5 sec), minute 5 min (Not m, to confuse with meter), 5 h (NOT 5 hr), 5 d, 5 w (NOT wk), 5 y (NOT yr), 5 mo (not 5 m, exception not to confuse with for meter)
• Weight- nanogram ng, microgram µg, milligram mg, gram g, kilogram kg
• Temperature- Celsius 5^oC, Fahrenheit: 5^oF (note- the degree and centigrade is ‘one symbol’, no space in-between)
• Volume- cubic millimeter 5 mm³, cubic centimeter 5 cm³, deciliter 5 dl, liter 5 L (note- the mm³ is ‘one symbol’, no space in-between)
• In combination 5 m/s (for five meter per second, not 5m/s or 5 meter/sec), 5 L/s (not 5 l/sec or 5L/s)
• Pressure- mmHg SD(45±1.12), p<0.05, p>0.05, p=0.05 (do not use capital P, use no space before after symbol)

Abbreviations and Symbols: only standard abbreviations; the use of nonstandard abbreviations can be confusing to readers. Avoid abbreviations in the title of the manuscript. The spelled-out abbreviation followed by the abbreviation in parenthesis should be used on the first mention unless the abbreviation is a standard unit of measurement.

Declaration of authorship responsibility

Authorship: All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship. Authorship credit should be based only on significant contributions. The first author named must accept the responsibility for ensuring that both versions of the paper submitted and the corrected proofs have the approval of all co-authors. Submission of a manuscript will also be taken to imply that all authors have obtained permission from their employers or institution to publish if they are obliged to do so and that relevant ethical approval has been obtained for clinical studies. However, authorship credit should be based only on a significant contribution to (a) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of data, (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and (c) final approval of the version to be published. The authors may include an explanation of each author's contribution separately.

Authorship should include: information of all authors with department, institution, emails, ORCID, contribution, and signature

Forwarding letter: The cover letter accompanying the article should contain the name and complete postal address of one author as a correspondent and must be signed by all authors. The correspondent author should notify change of address, if any, on time

Declaration: A declaration should be submitted stating that the manuscript represents valid work and that neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under the present authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere and the authorship of this article will not be contested by anyone whose name(s) is/are not listed here, and that the order of authorship as placed in the manuscript is final and accepted by the co-authors. Declarations should be signed by all the authors in the order in which they are mentioned in the original manuscript.

Financial Disclosure, Conflicts of Interest 

All funding, other financial support, and material support for this work are identified in the manuscript.

All competing interests, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (e.g. employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultations, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are disclosed in the acknowledgment section of the manuscript.

Dual publication: If the material in a submitted article has been published previously or is to appear in part or whole in another publication, the Editor in Chief must be informed. If the same paper appears simultaneously elsewhere or has previously been published or appears in a future publication, then the author will be black-listed for the JCMC and future articles of the author will be rejected automatically.